牛角象棋价格表大全

犀牛角，即犀角，为犀科动物白犀牛、黑犀牛、印度犀牛、爪哇犀牛、苏门答腊犀牛等的角。根据种类的不同，长角的数量也不同。非洲的白犀牛和黑犀牛都有两只角，而亚洲只有苏门答拉犀牛有两只角，其余的两个品种都只有一只角。犀牛角从皮肤中长出来，质地很硬，每年可以长7.6厘米。

1993年，中国政府颁布禁令，禁止使用犀牛角。中国境内现在虽然已经没有了野生的犀牛，因此没有犀牛种类被列为国家级保护动物。但是作为《国际野生贸易公约》的成员国之一，中国始终支持禁止任何犀牛制品交易的禁令。

象棋主要流行于华人及汉字文化圈的国家，象棋是中国正式开展的78个体育运动项目之一。是首届世界智力运动会的正式比赛项目之一。2008年6月7日，象棋经国务院批准列入第二批国家级非物质文化遗产名录。

2019年11月，文化和旅游部办公厅组织开展了国家级非物质文化遗产代表性项目保护单位检查和调整工作，象棋保护单位为北京棋院（北京桥牌院、北京市棋牌运动管理中心）。

藏品介绍

中文名称：犀牛角象棋

英文名称：Aloes, chess

规格：一套（32个棋子）

类别：杂项

品相：美品。

犀角主要成分为角蛋白(Keratin）。此外还含其他蛋白质、肽类及游离氨基酸、 胍衍生物、甾醇类等。犀角角蛋白的组成氨基酸中，胱氨酸占8.7 %， 3种碱性氨基酸、精氨酸、赖氨酸、精氨酸。其分子数比值为1∶5∶12，因此它与羊毛、 牛角等相似，主要属于优角蛋白。

2018年12月13日，国家林业和草原局发布消息将暂缓出台通知配套实施细则，继续严格禁止犀牛和虎及其制品贸易，严禁犀牛角和虎骨入药。

药理作用

1、对心血bai管系统的影响

a. 强心作用: 10%犀角水煎剂对du在zhi位或离体蟾蜍心及离体兔心dao均有强心作用, 能使心脏收缩力加强, 振幅加大, 心率增加, 每分钟输出量增多．剂量加大, 则使离体蟾蜍心脏表现强心作用后, 很快就表现为中毒现象, 最后停止于收缩期．犀角的热浸液对因毛果芸香碱而致功能衰弱的蛙心脏, 有使心搏明显加强, 使之恢复原状的作用．犀角的强心作用主要是由于直接兴奋心肌的结果．

b. 对血管的作用: 用10%的犀角煎剂对蟾蜍下肢血管灌流, 在短时内见血流比正常减少, 而后逐渐增加, 超过了正常流量．提示其对下肢血管是先收缩而后扩张．

c. 对血压的作用: 犀角煎剂对麻醉犬、家兔静脉注射, 其血压先上升, 后下降, 然后持续上升．其降压作用与迷走神经关系不大, 其血压先略升高而后下降的现象, 可能和其先收缩血管而后扩张有关．当血压恢复后又连续增高, 可能是因其对心脏的兴奋作用此时超过了血管扩张的作用或此时血管扩张作用已经消除的原因．

2、解热作用犀角对大肠杆菌发热之家兔无解热作用．但有报道认为, 静脉注射犀角的生理盐水浸煮液对大肠杆菌引起的发热家兔, 能使之体温降至正常．对用温热刺激法或肾上腺素脑内注射引起发热的家兔, 静脉或皮下注射犀角浸液无解热作用．

3、镇惊作用有报道认为, 犀角有一定的定惊作用, 其对中枢神经的作用点可能主要是在脊髓．实验证明: 用犀角混悬剂给小鼠灌胃, 连续三天, 对戊四氮和咖啡因的作用无明显影响, 但对士的宁的作用, 似可延长反应的潜伏期和动物生存时间, 动物反应率和死亡率也有所下降, 同时可延长戊巴比妥钠组动物的睡眠时间．

4.、其他作用对健康家兔静脉注射犀角注射液, 能使之白细胞总数呈短暂的急剧下降后, 出现持续较长时间的上升．亦能使凝血时间缩短, 血小板数增加．犀角生理盐水浸煮液静脉注射, 对离体兔肠和子宫有兴奋作用；对兔眼有轻度的扩瞳作用．犀角煎剂在体内、体外对葡萄球菌均无抑制作用．

犀牛角是清热解毒的名贵药材，在古代就与夜光璧、明月珠齐名。汉唐始，犀角从域外入贡，因其稀少和奇特的药用功效，经济价值日趋凸现。据相关文献记载，经唐宋不断发展，犀牛雕器艺术品至明进入盛期，明末至康雍乾盛世二百年间是中国犀角的黄金时代，创造出大量精美的犀角艺术品，是明清工艺美术品重要的组成部分之一。直至清代中晚期，犀牛角资源已经近乎枯竭，现今犀牛属于濒危保护动物，犀角不可能再被用作角雕材料，犀牛角雕作为中国古代艺术品中的一朵奇葩已成了绝响。

此副犀牛角棋象为亚洲犀牛角制成，市场上已经非常珍稀罕见。犀牛角资源枯竭，创造出精美的犀角雕刻艺术品，是清代工艺美术品重要的组成部分之一。从考古发掘来看，在近年来的科学发掘中还从未见过几例有关发现犀角的报道。此件臧品以犀牛角为题材，以象棋32个子棋为内容，经工匠大师精心制作，象棋呈扁圆体，大小均匀规整，色泽乌黑油亮，上部暗刻“帅”，“卒”，“相”等文字，一方朱红，一方翠绿，区分显著，有淡淡的清香气味。国字当头、尊荣备至、宫廷密艺、金玉镶嵌、国粹精华、万代传藏象棋是中华民族的珍贵文化遗产，象棋运动是中华民族智慧的结晶，是传统文化宝库中一颗灿烂夺目的明珠。多少年来，象棋以其源远流长的历史性，浓厚鲜明的民族性，凝重广博的文化性，奥妙无穷的情趣吸引着亿万群众，以自己独特的光环和热力拥抱了这个世界。象棋属于二人对抗性游戏的一种，由于用具简单，趣味性强，成为流行极为广泛的棋艺活动。以犀角制作，彰显了主人的尊贵身份，也寄托着“旗开得胜”的美好寓意。此件藏品无论从质量还是历史价值均属于上等藏品，此藏品兼药用价值和艺术欣赏价值于一身，具有极高的收藏价值和市场前景，升值潜力巨大。

事实上，在2000年之前，犀角还是一个偏门。1994年至2000年间，犀角上拍量32件，成交价多为十几万元或者数十万元，超过50万元的寥寥无几。进入新千年之后，犀角拍卖在国际市场上逐渐升温，表现在投放量放大，成交率升高，成交纪录不断被刷新。2005年，香港苏富比秋拍中，一件明末犀角雕双螭海棠形杯以1076万晋级“千万元俱乐部”;2010年，在香港佳士得春拍中，又有两件犀角器均以3986万港元的高价，打破了这项拍卖的世界纪录。奇珍异宝“犀牛角原角”价值无法估量，香饽饽的“犀牛角原角”成为收藏界的宠儿是必然事件。犀牛是世界珍稀动物，也是禁止捕杀的保护动物，现在市场上基本没有犀角出售。所以，传世的“犀牛角成品”变成了实实在在的稀有珍品。

英文翻译：Rhinoceros horn, namely rhinoceros horn, for rhinoceros family animal white rhinoceros, black rhinoceros, Indian rhinoceros, Javan rhinoceros, Sumatran rhinoceros and so on horn. The number of horns varies according to the species. African white and black rhinos have two horns, while in Asia only the Sumatran rhino has two horns and the other two species have only one. The horns grow out of the skin and are very hard, growing 7.6 cm a year.

In 1993, the Chinese government banned the use of rhino horn. Although there are no rhinos left in the wild in China , no rhino species is listed as a national protected animal. But As a member of the Convention on International Trade in Rhino products, China has consistently supported a ban on any trade in rhino products.

Xiangqi is mainly popular among the Chinese people and countries where Chinese characters are cultural circles. Xiangqi is one of the 78 sports events officially launched in China. It is one of the official events of the first World Intelligence Games. On June 7, 2008, Chinese chess was approved by the State Council to be included in the second batch of national intangible cultural heritage list.

In November 2019, the General Office of the Ministry of Culture and Tourism organized the inspection and adjustment of the protection units of representative projects of national intangible cultural heritage, and the protection units of chess were Beijing Chess Academy .

The collection is introduced

Chinese name: Rhinoceros horn chess

English name: Aloes, chess

Specification: one set

Rhinoceros horn is mainly composed of Keratin. It also contains other proteins, peptides, free amino acids, Guanidine derivatives, sterols, etc. Cystine accounts for 8.7% of the amino acids of hornhorn keratin, and there are three basic amino acids, arginine, lysine and arginine. Its molecular ratio is 1∶5∶12, so it is similar to wool and ox horn, and mainly belongs to Eukeratin.

On December 13, 2018, the National Forestry and Grassland Administration announced that it would suspend the implementation of the circular, continue to strictly ban the trade of rhinos and tiger products, and prohibit the use of rhino horn and tiger bone in medicine.

Pharmacological effects

1. Influence on the blood care BAI management system

A. Heart-strengthening effect: 10% hornhorn decoction has heart-strengthening effect on DU in zhi position or in vitro toad heart and in vitro rabbit heart DAO, which can strengthen the systolic force, increase amplitude, increase heart rate and increase output per minute. When the dose was increased, the isolated toad's heart showed strong cardiac action and soon became toxic and finally stopped at systole. The hot extract of hornhorn can significantly strengthen and restore the heart of frog weakened by rutin. The heart-strengthening effect of rhinoceros horn is mainly the result of direct cardiac stimulation.

B. Effect on blood vessels: 10% hornhorn decoction was applied to the lower limb blood vessels of toad, and the blood flow was decreased than normal for a short time, and then gradually increased, exceeding the normal flow. It is suggested that the vasculature of the lower extremity is constricted first and then dilated.

C. Effects on blood pressure: when rhinoceroses are injected intravenously into anesthetized dogs and rabbits, blood pressure rises first, then decreases, and then continues to rise. Its antihypertensive effect has little to do with the vagus nerve, and its blood pressure rises slightly first and then drops, which may be related to its first constriction of blood vessels and then dilation. When blood pressure is restored, it increases continuously, which may be because the exciting effect on the heart exceeds the effect of vasodilation at this time or the effect of vasodilation has been eliminated at this time.

2. Antipyretic effect Hornhorn has no antipyretic effect on rabbits with e. coli fever. However, it has been reported that intravenous injection of rhinoceroses on the causes of e. coli fever rabbits, the body temperature can be brought down to normal. It has no antipyretic effect on rabbits with fever caused by tepid stimulation or epinephrine intracerebral injection, intravenous or subcutaneous injection of rhinoceroses.

It has been reported that rhinoceros horn has a certain calming effect, and its central nervous point may be mainly in the spinal cord. Experimental results show: with horn suspension agent for mice stomach , for three consecutive days, the e four nitrogen and the effect has no obvious influence of caffeine, but for the role of strychnine, seems to prolong the incubation period of reaction and animal survival time, animal reaction rate and the mortality rate also fell, at the same time can extend the pentobarbital sodium group of animals sleep time.

4. Other effects of intravenous rhinoceroses on healthy rabbits can cause a short and sharp decrease in the total number of white blood cells, followed by a longer lasting increase. It can also shorten the clotting time and increase the platelet count. Rhinoceroses were injected intravenously to stimulate the intestines and uterus of isolated rabbits. It has mild pupil dilation effect on rabbit eyes. Hornhorn decoction has no inhibitory effect on staphylococcus aureus in vitro and in vivo.

Rhinoceros horn is a rare medicine for clearing away heat and detoxification. In ancient times, it was as famous as luminous bi and bright moon bead. Since the Han and Tang Dynasties, rhino horn has been imported from outside the region. Due to its rare and unique medicinal properties, its economic value has become increasingly prominent. According to relevant documents, with the continuous development of Tang and Song dynasties, rhinoceros carvings and artworks entered their heyday in the Ming Dynasty. The period from the end of Ming Dynasty to the Reign of Emperor Kangxi and Emperor Qianlong was the golden age of Rhino horn in China. A large number of exquisite rhino horn artworks were created, which were an important part of the arts and crafts of the Ming and Qing Dynasties. Until the middle and late Qing Dynasty, the resource of rhino horn was almost exhausted. Nowadays, rhinos are endangered and protected animals, and it is impossible for rhinoceros horn to be used as the material of carvings. As a wonderful flower in ancient Chinese art, rhino horn carving has become extremely famous.

This pair of rhinoceros horn is made of Asian rhinoceros horn, which has become very rare on the market. Rhino horn resource depletion, creating exquisite rhinoceros horn sculpture art, is an important part of the Qing dynasty arts and crafts. According to archaeological excavations, in recent years, there have been no reports of the discovery of rhino horn in scientific excavations. With rhino horn as the theme and 32 pieces of xiangqi as the content, this zangzi is elaborately made by the master craftsman. Xiangqi is flat and round with uniform size and bright black color. Characters such as "Shuai", "Zang" and "Xiang" are engraved on the upper part. Chinese chess is the precious cultural heritage of the Chinese nation. Chinese chess is the crystallization of the wisdom of the Chinese nation and a shining pearl in the treasure house of traditional culture. For many years, Chinese chess has attracted hundreds of millions of people with its long history, strong and distinct national character, solemn and broad cultural character, and infinite and mysterious interest. It has embraced the world with its unique aura and heat. Chess is a kind of antagonistic game between two people. Because of its simple equipment and strong interest, it has become a popular and extensive chess activity. It is made of rhino horn, which shows the noble identity of the owner and conveys the good meaning of "opening the flag and winning the battle". This collection belongs to the first class collection in terms of both quality and historical value. This collection has both medical value and artistic appreciation value. It has high collection value, market prospect and great appreciation potential.

In fact, until 2000, rhino horn was a deviant door. Between 1994 and 2000, 32 pieces of rhino horn were sold at auction, most of which sold for tens of thousands of yuan or hundreds of thousands of yuan. Only a few sold for more than 500,000 yuan. After entering the new millennium, the auction of rhinoceros horn is gradually heating up in the international market, which is manifested in the enlargement of the volume of investment, the increase of the transaction rate and the continuous breaking of the transaction record. In 2005, Sotheby's Hong Kong autumn auction, a Ming Dynasty carved horn double dragon begonia cup with 10.76 million promotion "ten million club"; In 2010, two more rhinoceros horn pieces sold for HK $39.86 million at Christie's Spring auction in Hong Kong, breaking the world record for a rhinoceros horn at auction. Rare treasure "rhino horn horn" value is inestimable, xiang xiang jiao "rhino horn horn" become the darling of the collection is an inevitable event. Rhinos are one of the world's rarest and most protected animals, and their horns are rarely sold on the market. As a result, the "finished rhino horn" has become a real rarity.